The Elderly and Old Age Support in Rural China (Directions in Development)

sku: COM9780821386859NEW
ACCORDING TO OUR RECORDS THIS PRODUCT IS NOT AVAILABLE NOW
$34.49
Shipping from: Canada
Description
This volume first examines projected demographic changes that will affect the economic well-being of China’s rural elderly over the next twenty years, taking into account both China’s sharp demographic transition and the continued migration of young adults into cities. The projected old age dependency ratio of 34 percent in China’s rural areas by 2030 suggests that support of the elderly is likely to be an increasing burden on China’s families over the next twenty years. The book next documents the sources of financial support, poverty incidence and vulnerability of the rural elderly since the early 1990s. China’s rural elderly have been consistently poorer and more vulnerable to poverty than both working age households and the urban elderly. In contrast to the urban elderly who frequently have pension support, the rural elderly typically rely either on their own labor income or financial support from adult children. A substantial share of China’s rural elderly continue to work well beyond the age 70, but labor as a primary source of support falls sharply during their 60s. Additional evidence suggests that the rural elderly work well beyond 60 out of necessity and only stop working when physically incapacitated. While average transfers from adult children to elderly parents are sufficient to keep them out of poverty, adult migrant children with uncertain income create the risk that transfers will not be sufficient to keep some rural elderly out of poverty. The final sections of the book review experiences with rural pensions during the 1990s and 2000s and draws out the lessons which have informed the design of a new national rural pension scheme. Among the many issues discussed, the report highlights the importance of providing incentives for participation in the pension scheme and important issues related to the portability of pensions for a mobile population.
Price history chart & currency exchange rate
Customers also viewed

$30.90
BENYAR Watches for Men 5198 Top Brand Quartz Wristwatches Waterproof Fashion Luminous Date Chronograph Stainless Steel Men Watch
aliexpress.com
$35.15
Раздвижной скребок для лобового стекла автомобиля, инструмент для удаления снега на лобовом стекле
aliexpress.com
$36.54
Умная ручка Tuya Zigbee, термостат, регулятор температуры нагрева газового котла, работает с Alexa Google Home A
aliexpress.com
$12.20
Car interior leather renovation paste Car interior stain cleaning and stain daily maintenance and renovation cleaning paste
aliexpress.com
$1.50
4pcs Toothbrush Stainless Steel White Travel Adults Daily al Care Dental Hygiene Tool Tongue Scraper
aliexpress.com
$22.56
GD25PJY120L3S GD35PJY120L3S GD25PJT120L3S GD35PJT120L3S GD15PJT120L2S4 New Original in stock
aliexpress.com
$45.59
Anime Reincarnated Princess and The Genius Anisphia Wynn Palettia Cosplay Dress Outfit Halloween Costume Full Set New Arrival
aliexpress.com![[Забавный] 100 см косплей игра Touken Ranbu Online Turtleback Sadamune оружие деревянный самурайский меч модель аниме костюм подарок на вечеринку
[Забавный] 100 см косплей игра Touken Ranbu Online Turtleback Sadamune оружие деревянный самурайский меч модель аниме костюм подарок на вечеринку](http://ae-pic-a1.aliexpress-media.com/kf/S4e1087287e1042fd894f53ef16b646aeT.jpg)
$50.90
[Забавный] 100 см косплей игра Touken Ranbu Online Turtleback Sadamune оружие деревянный самурайский меч модель аниме костюм подарок на вечеринку
aliexpress.com
$4.99
Flowers Oracle Cards PDF Guidebook these cards evoke the highest energy of goodness light with blooming flowers graceful women
aliexpress.com$9.83
TERLARIS Deli 24 colors acrylic paint paste delicate and the brush 73858/CAT AKRILIK SET/CAT AKRILIK SET 24 WARNA/CAT AKRILIK PASTEL/CAT AIR/CAT AIR LUKIS SET/CAT AIR GIOTTO/KUAS LUKIS 1 SET/KUAS LUKIS KECIL/KUAS LUKIS LENGKAP/KANVAS LUKIS/KANVAS LUKIS
shopee.co.id$8.34
Verde Spices DIET MIX 3-PACK [FREE Gift Box] Bumbu Marinasi Rendah Kalori Bubuk Dry Rub Serba Guna
shopee.co.id
$87.31
women's knits & tees designer gaoding clothing g family 23 new product contrast round neck knitwear long sleeve overlay coat uyh2, White
dhgate.com
$239.40
2022 arabic plus size lilac lace beaded evening dresses high neck sheath prom formal party second reception gowns cg0011993089, Black;red
dhgate.com
$16.36
Original new HPD-65 HPD65A HPD-65A car dvd laser lens for Toyota honda bmw dvd system
aliexpress.com
$20.20
Маска для волос Alfaparf Milano, Белый, PRECIOUS NATURE PURE COLOR PROTECTION MASK, 200 мл
lamoda.ru
$18.80
Книга Huai he liu yu shui wen zi liao 1954 nian huai he zhong shang you qu shui wei liu liang han sha liang shu sha lv
sima-land.ru
$40.07
sequined jeans black striped high waisted skinny stretch denim pants push up slim femme sale items 2020 autumn ng, Blue
dhgate.com
$6.02
1pcs natural mas stones mas rose quartz crystal fluorite natural energy mas rock body health ca jllrvi, Black
dhgate.com
$1.37
2016 ter washi tape watercolor paper masking tapes japanese washi tape diy scrapbooking sticker glitter washi h
dhgate.com
$9.33
отдых туризм путешествия микрофибры quick dry полотенце 400мм х 400мм с мини силиконовый чехол для переноски
dhgate.com
$16.49
12V Caravan High Pressure Shower Head,Car Washing Machine Set Pet Dog Take Shower Set for RV Camper Outdoor
aliexpress.com
$6.62
HOT Stereoscopic Three-Dimensional Planting Bag Railing Bag Hanging Flower Pot Stereoscopic Garden Garden Planting Bag
aliexpress.com
$11.30
Tweeter Speaker 6 Ohm 30W Hifi Soft e Silk Film Treble Loudspeaker Neodymium Toothed Heat Sink 2Pcs
aliexpress.com
$16.33
women slippers dener slides flip flops dener sandals jelly sandals casual women soes wit box#875, Black
dhgate.com